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    <title>Blog: Posts in Hardscape</title>
    <link>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html</link>
    <description>Blog: Posts in Hardscape</description>
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    <pubDate>Wed, 03 Nov 2021 16:14:11 +0000</pubDate>
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        <title>Ways to Incorporate Brick Pavers in your Landscape</title>
        <link>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=ways-to-incorporate-brick-pavers-in-your-landscape</link>
        <guid>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=ways-to-incorporate-brick-pavers-in-your-landscape</guid>
        <description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Pavers have come a long way. From the traditional brick-and-mortar style you remember at grandma’s house, to the endless colors and shapes currently on the market, hardscaping has certainly changed for the better. If you are looking to enhance your outdoor space, here are a few ways to add paver technology into your landscape.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>1. Walkways and Edging</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Define your garden beds with edging pavers to create a unique border around existing plants and shrubs. Edging protects plants from weeds and excess grass and, when paired with a paver-walkway, it reduces muddy foot-traffic.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/pavers%20in%20landscape/paver%20walkway.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="paver walkway.jpg800x800" alt="paver walkway.jpg800x800" /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>2. Driveways</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Add a colorful paver border to an existing asphalt driveway or replace the asphalt entirely for a completely updated look. There are endless color combinations and textures to match the architecture of your home, and new manufacturing options help the pavers keep their shape and color for years to come.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>3. Retaining Walls &amp; Steps</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Retaining walls are great for sloped areas where the land may not be suitable for a garden or other landscaping. Staircases can also be constructed out of pavers, most often capped with ledgestone for a sleek finish.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>4. Fire Pits &amp; Grills</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">There’s nothing more inviting than a cozy fire! Textured pavers can be used to build a sunken fire pit or outdoor fireplace. Match the pavers with the color of your siding and add accent stone for a completely custom design. Most pavers are often heat-resistant and ideal for backsplashes or accent walls in outdoor kitchens, grills and bar settings.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/pavers%20in%20landscape/outdoor%20kitchen.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="outdoor kitchen.jpg800x800" alt="outdoor kitchen.jpg800x800" /><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>5. Outdoor Seating</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Pavers make beautiful seating areas. Construct single benches or use ledgestone to cap existing retaining walls, saving money (and space) on outdoor furniture.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>6. Water Features &amp; Poolscapes</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Whether you live in the suburbs or on acres of land, water features add a unique focal point to your landscape. Smooth, permeable pavers are a common selection around built-in pools, as they dry quickly and are less prone to seasonal damage. Elegant waterfalls can be added in and around existing pools, or use pavers to build stand-alone waterfalls near natural ponds or man-made bodies of water.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/pavers%20in%20landscape/hardscape%20pool%20area.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="hardscape pool area.jpg800x800" alt="hardscape pool area.jpg800x800" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Pavers have come a long way. From the traditional brick-and-mortar style you remember at grandma’s house, to the endless colors and shapes currently on the market, hardscaping has certainly changed for the better. If you are looking to enhance your outdoor space, here are a few ways to add paver technology into your landscape.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>1. Walkways and Edging</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Define your garden beds with edging pavers to create a unique border around existing plants and shrubs. Edging protects plants from weeds and excess grass and, when paired with a paver-walkway, it reduces muddy foot-traffic.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/pavers%20in%20landscape/paver%20walkway.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="paver walkway.jpg800x800" alt="paver walkway.jpg800x800" /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>2. Driveways</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Add a colorful paver border to an existing asphalt driveway or replace the asphalt entirely for a completely updated look. There are endless color combinations and textures to match the architecture of your home, and new manufacturing options help the pavers keep their shape and color for years to come.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>3. Retaining Walls &amp; Steps</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Retaining walls are great for sloped areas where the land may not be suitable for a garden or other landscaping. Staircases can also be constructed out of pavers, most often capped with ledgestone for a sleek finish.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>4. Fire Pits &amp; Grills</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">There’s nothing more inviting than a cozy fire! Textured pavers can be used to build a sunken fire pit or outdoor fireplace. Match the pavers with the color of your siding and add accent stone for a completely custom design. Most pavers are often heat-resistant and ideal for backsplashes or accent walls in outdoor kitchens, grills and bar settings.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/pavers%20in%20landscape/outdoor%20kitchen.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="outdoor kitchen.jpg800x800" alt="outdoor kitchen.jpg800x800" /><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>5. Outdoor Seating</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Pavers make beautiful seating areas. Construct single benches or use ledgestone to cap existing retaining walls, saving money (and space) on outdoor furniture.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>6. Water Features &amp; Poolscapes</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Whether you live in the suburbs or on acres of land, water features add a unique focal point to your landscape. Smooth, permeable pavers are a common selection around built-in pools, as they dry quickly and are less prone to seasonal damage. Elegant waterfalls can be added in and around existing pools, or use pavers to build stand-alone waterfalls near natural ponds or man-made bodies of water.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/pavers%20in%20landscape/hardscape%20pool%20area.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="hardscape pool area.jpg800x800" alt="hardscape pool area.jpg800x800" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>]]></content:encoded>
        <author>sales@daalexander.com (DA Alexander)</author>
          <category>Hardscape</category>
          <category>Landscape General</category>
          <category>Outdoor Living </category>
        <comments>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=ways-to-incorporate-brick-pavers-in-your-landscape#comments</comments>
        <wfw:commentRss>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:feed=rss2;post=ways-to-incorporate-brick-pavers-in-your-landscape</wfw:commentRss>
        <pubDate>Thu, 27 May 2021 13:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title>Patio vs Deck</title>
        <link>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=patio-vs-deck</link>
        <guid>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=patio-vs-deck</guid>
        <description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">With every new home that is constructed, homeowners are faced with the decision to install a deck or patio. Both have their place and provide functionality. The materials available are endless, giving homeowners plenty of colors and styles to choose from. I am here to help you decide if you need a deck, patio, or possibly both.&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">The first thing you should look at is how high above-grade your door wall is. If you are above 3ft, or if the home is newly constructed with a basement (even if you are below 3ft to grade), I would strongly recommend a deck landing to get you down to grade level. This is because the soil that has been backfilled around your foundation has not had time to settle. Decks have footings that allow for little to no settlement. My advice is, save yourself the trouble and install a deck landing to get you to ground level and then build a patio there.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Decks have evolved with composite materials making maintenance easier. The cost and energy expressed by staining or painting is no longer necessary with a composite deck. There is even the option to make the floor of the deck screwless to really give you a clean look. Composite deck companies tend to include warranties on their products and I have even seen some that offer 25-year limited warranties. Composite decks are more expensive than your typical wood deck, but they quickly pay for themselves over the years. With a composite deck, a quick wash with the hose a few times a year will be all the maintenance you need. My clients also love the decking colors that are available to complement their home. It is important to remember that when installing a deck of any type, it is vital to have an HOA approval letter and obtain the appropriate permits.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">If a patio is the option you are looking for, make sure to hire an ICPI (Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute) Certified Installer to build your patio. Remember, in order to build a patio without a deck landing, the drop from your door wall should be less than 3ft. Having a landing will eliminate settlement issues in the future, especially on a newly constructed home.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Pavers patios can be raised or ground level which gives you many options for you outdoor living space. Raised patios are more expensive than ground level patios. In price, a raised patio is closer to the price of a composite deck.&#160; Nonetheless, paver patios still tend to have good warranties if installed by an ICPI contractor. There are many ways to customize your patio with a wide array of colors and brick options.&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Most commonly, I see many small decks and large patios on the new home builds. The reason for this is the cost difference. Paver patios generally are less expensive than composite decks per square foot. The biggest factor is the maintenance on a paver patio. It is important to power wash and install jointing sand every few years as well as fixing cracked or settling pavers. In general, the maintenance costs on pavers are at least double that of a composite deck. Both composite decks and patios create a great space to entertain for many years.&#160;</span></p>
<div><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></div>
<div><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/Patio%20vs%20Deck/PATIO%20PICTURE.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="PATIO PICTURE.jpg800x800" alt="PATIO PICTURE.jpg800x800" /></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 9pt">Northville hardscape design &amp; build - DA Alexander &amp; Company, Inc.</span></div>
<div>&#160;</div>
<div><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/Patio%20vs%20Deck/DECK%20PICTURE.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="DECK PICTURE.jpg800x800" alt="DECK PICTURE.jpg800x800" /></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 9pt">Northville composite deck design &amp; build - DA Alexander &amp; Company, Inc.</span></div>
<p>&#160;</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">With every new home that is constructed, homeowners are faced with the decision to install a deck or patio. Both have their place and provide functionality. The materials available are endless, giving homeowners plenty of colors and styles to choose from. I am here to help you decide if you need a deck, patio, or possibly both.&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">The first thing you should look at is how high above-grade your door wall is. If you are above 3ft, or if the home is newly constructed with a basement (even if you are below 3ft to grade), I would strongly recommend a deck landing to get you down to grade level. This is because the soil that has been backfilled around your foundation has not had time to settle. Decks have footings that allow for little to no settlement. My advice is, save yourself the trouble and install a deck landing to get you to ground level and then build a patio there.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Decks have evolved with composite materials making maintenance easier. The cost and energy expressed by staining or painting is no longer necessary with a composite deck. There is even the option to make the floor of the deck screwless to really give you a clean look. Composite deck companies tend to include warranties on their products and I have even seen some that offer 25-year limited warranties. Composite decks are more expensive than your typical wood deck, but they quickly pay for themselves over the years. With a composite deck, a quick wash with the hose a few times a year will be all the maintenance you need. My clients also love the decking colors that are available to complement their home. It is important to remember that when installing a deck of any type, it is vital to have an HOA approval letter and obtain the appropriate permits.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">If a patio is the option you are looking for, make sure to hire an ICPI (Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute) Certified Installer to build your patio. Remember, in order to build a patio without a deck landing, the drop from your door wall should be less than 3ft. Having a landing will eliminate settlement issues in the future, especially on a newly constructed home.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Pavers patios can be raised or ground level which gives you many options for you outdoor living space. Raised patios are more expensive than ground level patios. In price, a raised patio is closer to the price of a composite deck.&#160; Nonetheless, paver patios still tend to have good warranties if installed by an ICPI contractor. There are many ways to customize your patio with a wide array of colors and brick options.&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt">Most commonly, I see many small decks and large patios on the new home builds. The reason for this is the cost difference. Paver patios generally are less expensive than composite decks per square foot. The biggest factor is the maintenance on a paver patio. It is important to power wash and install jointing sand every few years as well as fixing cracked or settling pavers. In general, the maintenance costs on pavers are at least double that of a composite deck. Both composite decks and patios create a great space to entertain for many years.&#160;</span></p>
<div><span style="font-size: 9pt">&#160;</span></div>
<div><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/Patio%20vs%20Deck/PATIO%20PICTURE.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="PATIO PICTURE.jpg800x800" alt="PATIO PICTURE.jpg800x800" /></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 9pt">Northville hardscape design &amp; build - DA Alexander &amp; Company, Inc.</span></div>
<div>&#160;</div>
<div><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/Patio%20vs%20Deck/DECK%20PICTURE.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="DECK PICTURE.jpg800x800" alt="DECK PICTURE.jpg800x800" /></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 9pt">Northville composite deck design &amp; build - DA Alexander &amp; Company, Inc.</span></div>
<p>&#160;</p>]]></content:encoded>
        <author>cale@daalexander.com (Cale Brown)</author>
          <category>Hardscape</category>
          <category>Decks &amp; Pergolas</category>
        <comments>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=patio-vs-deck#comments</comments>
        <wfw:commentRss>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:feed=rss2;post=patio-vs-deck</wfw:commentRss>
        <pubDate>Fri, 28 Feb 2020 14:46:12 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title>Paver Basics: Wet vs. Dry</title>
        <link>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=paver-basics-wet-vs-dry</link>
        <guid>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=paver-basics-wet-vs-dry</guid>
        <description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">Concrete pavers are affordable, versatile, sustainable and more weather resistant than poured concrete or brick. There are two common production methods for concrete pavers; dry-casting and wet-casting. Knowing the difference between these two production processes can help you make the best decision when selecting hardscape pavers for your landscape project:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">Dry-cast pavers are produced using a dry-mix of concrete and aggregates and have a low water ratio. These are what we traditionally think of when we say “pavers”.&#160; Dry-cast pavers are formed through the vibration and compaction of dry materials and are air-cured, making them quick and affordable to produce, but limited in color and texture options.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• ideal for driveways and high-traffic areas</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• affordable</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• high density, high strength (an approximate PSI of 8,000)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">Wet-cast paver mix contains more water than dry-cast pavers, rendering the mix a similar consistency to concrete. An increase in curing time means wet-cast pavers are more labor intensive to produce, resulting in a higher price point. Wet-cast pavers come in a wider variety of shapes, sizes, colors and textures.&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• ideal for pools, patios and walkways</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• moderately strong (an approximate psi of 6,500)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• practically non-porous</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="">Pavers manufactured for Michigan are versatile, long lasting and designed to withstand freeze-thaw cycles. For examples of how concrete pavers add beauty and value to your landscape visit our project image gallery <a href="18.html?m8:cat=/Brick%20Paver%20and%20Hardscape">here</a>.&#160;</span><br />
&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/paver%20basics/DAAlexander%20170405.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 170405.jpg800x800" alt="DAAlexander 170405.jpg800x800" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">Concrete pavers are affordable, versatile, sustainable and more weather resistant than poured concrete or brick. There are two common production methods for concrete pavers; dry-casting and wet-casting. Knowing the difference between these two production processes can help you make the best decision when selecting hardscape pavers for your landscape project:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">Dry-cast pavers are produced using a dry-mix of concrete and aggregates and have a low water ratio. These are what we traditionally think of when we say “pavers”.&#160; Dry-cast pavers are formed through the vibration and compaction of dry materials and are air-cured, making them quick and affordable to produce, but limited in color and texture options.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• ideal for driveways and high-traffic areas</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• affordable</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• high density, high strength (an approximate PSI of 8,000)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt"><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">Wet-cast paver mix contains more water than dry-cast pavers, rendering the mix a similar consistency to concrete. An increase in curing time means wet-cast pavers are more labor intensive to produce, resulting in a higher price point. Wet-cast pavers come in a wider variety of shapes, sizes, colors and textures.&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• ideal for pools, patios and walkways</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• moderately strong (an approximate psi of 6,500)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt">• practically non-porous</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="">Pavers manufactured for Michigan are versatile, long lasting and designed to withstand freeze-thaw cycles. For examples of how concrete pavers add beauty and value to your landscape visit our project image gallery <a href="18.html?m8:cat=/Brick%20Paver%20and%20Hardscape">here</a>.&#160;</span><br />
&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/paver%20basics/DAAlexander%20170405.jpg800x800.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 170405.jpg800x800" alt="DAAlexander 170405.jpg800x800" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>]]></content:encoded>
        <author>sales@daalexander.com (DA Alexander)</author>
          <category>Hardscape</category>
          <category>Landscape Design</category>
          <category>Landscape General</category>
        <comments>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=paver-basics-wet-vs-dry#comments</comments>
        <wfw:commentRss>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:feed=rss2;post=paver-basics-wet-vs-dry</wfw:commentRss>
        <pubDate>Thu, 22 Feb 2018 10:21:15 +0000</pubDate>
        <enclosure url="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/paver%20basics/DAAlexander%20170405.jpg800x800.jpg" length="302802" type="image/jpeg" />
        <photo:imgsrc>https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/paver%20basics/DAAlexander%20170405.jpg800x800.jpg</photo:imgsrc>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title>2016 ... looking back on a great season!</title>
        <link>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=2016-looking-back-on-a-great-season</link>
        <guid>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=2016-looking-back-on-a-great-season</guid>
        <description><![CDATA[<div class="wf_default_font">
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88); font-family: Marcellus; font-size: 16px">We've selected some of our favorites to showcase this season's best landscape projects! &#160;</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20156.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 156.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 156.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20165846.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 165846.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 165846.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%201684.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 1684.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 1684.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%201684981.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 1684981.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 1684981.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%2018461.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 18461.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 18461.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%2018643.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 18643.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 18643.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%202165.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 2165.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 2165.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%204896413.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 4896413.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 4896413.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20151.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 151.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 151.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%204853.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 4853.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 4853.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%2087961.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 87961.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 87961.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20VL546878.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander VL546878.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander VL546878.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wf_default_font">
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88); font-family: Marcellus; font-size: 16px">We've selected some of our favorites to showcase this season's best landscape projects! &#160;</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20156.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 156.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 156.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20165846.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 165846.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 165846.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%201684.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 1684.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 1684.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%201684981.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 1684981.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 1684981.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%2018461.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 18461.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 18461.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%2018643.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 18643.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 18643.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%202165.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 2165.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 2165.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%204896413.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 4896413.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 4896413.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20151.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 151.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 151.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%204853.JPG500x500.JPG" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 4853.JPG500x500" alt="DAAlexander 4853.JPG500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%2087961.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander 87961.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander 87961.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/blog/2016%20season%20look%20back/DAAlexander%20VL546878.jpg500x500.jpg" align="middle" title="DAAlexander VL546878.jpg500x500" alt="DAAlexander VL546878.jpg500x500" /></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
        <author>sales@daalexander.com (DA Alexander)</author>
          <category>Retaining Walls</category>
          <category>Hardscape</category>
          <category>Landscape Design</category>
          <category>Landscape General</category>
          <category>Decks &amp; Pergolas</category>
        <comments>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=2016-looking-back-on-a-great-season#comments</comments>
        <wfw:commentRss>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:feed=rss2;post=2016-looking-back-on-a-great-season</wfw:commentRss>
        <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jan 2017 18:10:09 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title>Retaining Wall vs. Garden Wall</title>
        <link>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=retaining-wall-vs-garden-wall</link>
        <guid>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=retaining-wall-vs-garden-wall</guid>
        <description><![CDATA[<div class="wf_default_font">
<div><span style="font-size: 20pt"><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Retaining Wall VS Garden Wall</span></span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Retaining walls and garden walls are the same thing right?&#160; Nope! Not even close! &#160;Understandably many people don't know the difference and honestly, why would you?&#160;It's not like you work with this stuff every day. Regardless, it is important to note the difference between the two so you choose a product that will be safe and will last.&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Wouldn't it be silly to walk into a home and see wallpaper on the floor in place of tile? We both know wallpaper isn't meant for flooring; it is for aesthetics and it certainly isn't going to last like tile.&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">When considering hardscape features for your landscape, ask yourself the following questions:</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">1) Is this wall/feature going to be purely for aesthetics?&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">2) Is the wall/feature going to serve a purpose to retain something?</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">3) How high does the final product need to be?&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">4) What is the function of the wall/feature?</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Your answers will help you avoid the wallpaper as flooring scenario.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">If you are installing a hardscape element purely for aesthetics such as an address pillar, lighting pillar, or a wall to define landscape beds from turf areas under 18”, then garden wall is what you need.&#160;This type of stone is typically smaller is size and weight than retaining wall stone and is more appealing to look at.&#160;Nonetheless, it does have height restrictions so be sure to check with the manufacturer prior to purchasing.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">As for retaining walls, they are made for exactly that, retaining. When you have a large slope or drop off it would be the time to start thinking retaining wall stone. Retaining wall stone is generally heavier and larger than garden wall stone. It can also be built taller. However, just as garden wall has max height restrictions, retaining wall block does as well. So make sure you refer to the resource guides.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Using garden wall material where retaining wall is needed will lead to wall failures. Garden wall, unlike retaining wall, is not manufactured to withstand a barring load thus causing failure when used in a retainage application.&#160;Additionally, make sure you are installing the product per the manufacturer's guidelines.&#160;Proper base material is essential to the longevity of your hardscape.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">So the next time you decide to purchase hardscape system for your landscape, make sure you know what you're getting.&#160;Don't be fooled into a garden wall, when you actually need a retaining wall.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/100_4982%20WEB.jpg300x300.jpg" align="middle" alt="" /></div>
<div>&#160;</div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Proper use and installation of garden wall.</span></div>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/FAILURE%203%20web.jpg300x300.jpg" align="middle" alt="" /><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Garden wall, improperly used in place of retaining wall.&#160;</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">This wall is improperly based as well. </span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)"><br /></span><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/GARDEN%20WALL%202.JPG265x300.JPG" align="middle" alt="" /><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Properly based pillar.</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/FAILURE%202.JPG265x300.JPG" align="middle" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Improperly based pillar.</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/FAILURE%206%20web.jpg300x300.jpg" align="middle" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><font color="#527A58">Improperly constructed retaining wall.</font></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/RETAINING%20WALL%202.JPG300x300.JPG" align="middle" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><font color="#527A58">Proper use for retaining wall.</font></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
</div>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wf_default_font">
<div><span style="font-size: 20pt"><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Retaining Wall VS Garden Wall</span></span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Retaining walls and garden walls are the same thing right?&#160; Nope! Not even close! &#160;Understandably many people don't know the difference and honestly, why would you?&#160;It's not like you work with this stuff every day. Regardless, it is important to note the difference between the two so you choose a product that will be safe and will last.&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Wouldn't it be silly to walk into a home and see wallpaper on the floor in place of tile? We both know wallpaper isn't meant for flooring; it is for aesthetics and it certainly isn't going to last like tile.&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">When considering hardscape features for your landscape, ask yourself the following questions:</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">1) Is this wall/feature going to be purely for aesthetics?&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">2) Is the wall/feature going to serve a purpose to retain something?</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">3) How high does the final product need to be?&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">4) What is the function of the wall/feature?</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Your answers will help you avoid the wallpaper as flooring scenario.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">If you are installing a hardscape element purely for aesthetics such as an address pillar, lighting pillar, or a wall to define landscape beds from turf areas under 18”, then garden wall is what you need.&#160;This type of stone is typically smaller is size and weight than retaining wall stone and is more appealing to look at.&#160;Nonetheless, it does have height restrictions so be sure to check with the manufacturer prior to purchasing.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">As for retaining walls, they are made for exactly that, retaining. When you have a large slope or drop off it would be the time to start thinking retaining wall stone. Retaining wall stone is generally heavier and larger than garden wall stone. It can also be built taller. However, just as garden wall has max height restrictions, retaining wall block does as well. So make sure you refer to the resource guides.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Using garden wall material where retaining wall is needed will lead to wall failures. Garden wall, unlike retaining wall, is not manufactured to withstand a barring load thus causing failure when used in a retainage application.&#160;Additionally, make sure you are installing the product per the manufacturer's guidelines.&#160;Proper base material is essential to the longevity of your hardscape.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">So the next time you decide to purchase hardscape system for your landscape, make sure you know what you're getting.&#160;Don't be fooled into a garden wall, when you actually need a retaining wall.</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/100_4982%20WEB.jpg300x300.jpg" align="middle" alt="" /></div>
<div>&#160;</div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Proper use and installation of garden wall.</span></div>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/FAILURE%203%20web.jpg300x300.jpg" align="middle" alt="" /><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Garden wall, improperly used in place of retaining wall.&#160;</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">This wall is improperly based as well. </span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)"><br /></span><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/GARDEN%20WALL%202.JPG265x300.JPG" align="middle" alt="" /><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Properly based pillar.</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/FAILURE%202.JPG265x300.JPG" align="middle" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">Improperly based pillar.</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/FAILURE%206%20web.jpg300x300.jpg" align="middle" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><font color="#527A58">Improperly constructed retaining wall.</font></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><img src="https://www.daalexander.com/62m10/uploaded/images/Retaining%20Walls/RETAINING%20WALL%202.JPG300x300.JPG" align="middle" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span><font color="#527A58">Proper use for retaining wall.</font></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></div>
<p><span style="color: rgb(82, 122, 88)">&#160;</span></p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
        <author>cale@daalexander.com (Cale Brown)</author>
          <category>Retaining Walls</category>
          <category>Hardscape</category>
        <comments>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:post=retaining-wall-vs-garden-wall#comments</comments>
        <wfw:commentRss>https://www.daalexander.com/62.html?m10:feed=rss2;post=retaining-wall-vs-garden-wall</wfw:commentRss>
        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2015 11:13:06 +0000</pubDate>
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